Antimicrobial resistance is one of the significant challenges humanity faces in the 21st century. To combat this resistance development, drugs with novel mechanisms-of-action need to be developed. In this study, a lysine-targeting ethynylbenzaldehyde-based inhibitor was optimized against two high-priority pathogens, MRSA and N. gonorrhoeae, using the Topliss Batchwise Scheme. Nine analogues were synthesized and tested, which enabled the identification of more potent inhibitors and the development of structure-activity relationships for both bacteria. The scheme successfully guided synthesis of a significantly more potent analogue for MRSA, while only a small increase was observed for N. gonorrhoeae. A hemolysis assay indicated that the inhibitor scaffold does not exhibit hemolytic activity in red blood cells. Finally, isoDTB-ABPP identified three potential targets in MRSA: MurG, FemB and TagA. These targets could be inhibited in novel mechanisms-of-action, and their identification paves the way for further target identification studies.
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